As someone who work in Analytics/”data
science”, one of the things I need to be able to judge is whether an
organisation is analytically mature or not. This is critical and determines
what I think I could offer to the organisation and prove the value that analytics
can bring.
Singapore is going through the Covid-19 situation like every other country, and has recently gone through a
general election (in the middle of the pandemic). These 2 very public events
show how analytically mature the government it.
But what do I mean by
analytical maturity?
To me, an organisation being
mature in analytics means all or most parts of the organisation use analysis of
data to make decisions; this implies production and consumption of analytics. To
be truly data-driven, the analytics should feed into the decision making as
part of BAU. In analytically mature organisations, the challenge for people
like me is to bring skills the organisation may not have internally. This is a
different challenge from say the case where the organisation wants to consume
analytics, but is unable to produce consistently.
How does the Covid19 situation
rate in terms of obtaining and using analysis
In my view, Singapore started
dealing with Covid-19 really well.
Firstly, using information
available, the government reached out to people and educated everyone about the
virus, the measures to deal with the threat by using data. Whether that data
was in the form of WHO advice at that time – wear masks only when not feeling
well – or as some leaked audio revealed – lack of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) means ensure front-line
workers have PPE – is not really the point. SO, to me, the government did a
good job at the beginning.
However, things went south quickly;
in April, the numbers of infected people started exploding in Singapore.
Basically, the government uncovered a hidden infected zone, the foreign workers
dormitories.
I was shocked. One of the first
people to be infected, case 42 from the construction at Seletar Aerospace Heights,
went to Mustafa centre (1) in early February. When I heard that news, my first
reaction was horror; if someone who works at a construction site caught the
virus, then, given the conditions in the dormitories, infection would spread
like wildfire.
However, the dormitory situation
only blew up in April as seen below – original data as used by John Hopkins (2).
So what happened in these 2
months? Do you think the government just did not make the link between tight
spaces and the virus? Luckily, you would have thought, the minister in charge
is an expert in tight spaces (3).
Apparently, the government was indeed
watching the Covid-19 situation in the dorms, even since January, it seems. (4).
The questions remains, if this segment of the population was being monitored
since January, how did it explode in April?
To me it either:
- Monitoring was done properly but
data was not collected (I assume no tests done)
- If it was, then no action was
taken on the data (which I find less likely, I don’t see the government willfully
allowing the virus to spread)
So, to me, the ministry in charge
simply did not do a good job using (or collecting) data. And if that was left
to dormitory operators, it’s also not a brilliant idea given their track
record, half of them breaching rules every year (5)
To say that nobody heard of
asymptomatic transmission at that point in time is odd. The whole point is to
test.
However, according to ambassador
Chan Heng Chee: ”we test, we track and we quarantined them. But later it just
exploded” (6). And she added, praising Singapore’s testing capabilities “In the
region, you find that testing capabilities are different, so our numbers look
much higher than others.”
But as I pointed out in my
previous blog, (7) it has been said by Dr Dale Fisher, chair of infection
control at the National University Hospital, that there are cases where testing
is not needed anymore, you simply can assume everyone has been infected (8)
So something went really wrong
there, if indeed testing took place on a significant scale or was done with a
view to learn rather than simply react.
Furthermore, no minister, lack of
demand for apology is not a metric for a job well done. Wrong metric will lead
to wrong analysis and wrong action if any (9)(10)
Ok, so the ability to produce
good useful analytics seems missing here.
But, to me, the Singapore PM is
doing right by foreign workers. In fact he specified “to our migrant workers,
let me emphasise again: we will care for you, just like we care for
Singaporeans…”(11). Top management has the right desire, execution seems to be
desired. Sounds familiar?
How does the Election GE2020
situation rate in terms of obtaining and using analysis?
The basic function of the ELD, in
my simple view, is to ensure elections run smoothly:
- Every one who has a right to vote
is given the opportunity to do so safely
- The voting and vote count are
done transparently and with all parties who are allowed to witness the count in
place
- All valid votes cast, and only
these, are counted.
I am not getting into other
functions such as setting the electoral boundaries and so on. While this can
and should be done using data, there just isn’t any publicly available
information for any determination about data use to be made. And the objective
of the exercise is also not available publicly.
So how did the ELD ensure everyone
who is eligible to vote did so?
Very poorly.
The most ridiculous thing that
happened is that voting hours were extended ‘at the last minute’ because it
took longer for people to cast their votes compared to what was expected.
Due to the Covid-19 situation,
extra measures were put in place. Each votes was given a time window to cast
their vote. People were provided with self-inking pens, were asked to sanitise
their hands, wear gloves provided, to dispose of the gloves after voting…
The ELD claimed that, because of
these extra measures, they had to extend the voting hours.
This is proof of not using data. In
one of my roles, I was looking into operational efficiency. One of the first
things my team did was to look at the processes and time them. Look at enough
of them to form a little sample. Now, since our objective was to make the
operations of the organisation more efficient, all we did was observe our
staff. We did not have to ask a sample of people to do the tasks, for example people
with issues with their fingers due to age/disability, people who are not clear
about the processes and have to ask (and who to ask). But still, this is easily
done.
To claim they got the amount of
time wrong is a clear indication of not using data.
ELD, you get an F.
How did ELD ensure that the
people who were allowed to be at the voting centres had the opportunity to do
so?
Again, very poorly.
I will admit I only have 1 source
of this information. But since the person is prominent, made the statements on
national media (CNA) and as far as I know has not been looked at from a POFMA (12)
point of view. Dr Paul Tambyah, in this reaction to election results (13) “we’ve
seen a number of events that occurred today, with the fiasco about the gloves,
about the PPE at the end of the day where polling agents had to leave the
polling stations”. The gloves bit was addressed above, the PPE piece is not.
Polling agents are the people,
from the various parties who have the right to oversee the voting process (14)
to witness the sealing of boxes before voting starts, to observe the process of
voting throughout the day, and finally to witness the sealing of boxes at the
end of the voting period and the transport to counting centres.
According to Mr Tambyah, the
polling agents were asked to leave their stations towards the end of the day
and this is linked to PPE.
Now, the voting was schedules to
that, at the end of the day, people who have been quarantined are to go cast
their votes, that was the design. I am not going to get into whether polling
agents need PPEs apart from face masks which are anyway compulsory. But if any
extra equipment was required, say face shields, this should have been made
clear and provided. The ELD knows the maximum number of polling agents at every
point, and should have made the necessary provision. Obviously they did not
despite what they said (15) “By law, they can still vote during this time. The
necessary precautions have been taken at all polling stations to ensure the
safety of voters during the special voting hour,”. The precautions were not
taken properly, therefore polling agents had to leave their posts.
Again, ELD, you get a very big F.
How about the casting of valid
votes?
First you would expect anyone who
turns up with the proper documentation at a voting centre to be able to cast his/her
vote. There has been at least 1 case of someone being told she had already
voted (16).
Secondly, while people under
quarantine and those who are covid19 positive have been barred from voting (17),
some people overseas were denied their vote (18) due to a glitch in the ICA
system.
Thirdly, how about those Singaporeans
who came home and decided to endure stay at home notice? Well, here again, despite
knowing their identities and numbers, ELD messed up (19), their names were “missed
out”.
Again, ELD, you get another big
F.
On top of this, these are cases I
came across, there probably are many more. I hope that ELD doesn’t say, well it
was only 115 cases (1 vote not counted, 13 people not put on list, 101 overseas
not on list either), I won’t be holding my breath.
This shows a pattern at being
incapable to collecting and using data effectively.
Is it all that bad?
No, of course not.
Singapore has quite a few
successes using data and technology. The trace together app does what it is
advertised and the code has been open-sourced. It is good enough for other
countries to consider adopting it (20); well done Govtech.
Take a look at the websites of
some government bodies, they are beautiful:
For example, the Singstat data on trade is illustrated with
a ship, dolphins and seagulls; it is even animated! (21)
The STB page on tourist arrivals is pretty too (22):
Services are extremely efficient, for example you can apply
for an get your passport online (23)
What is the conclusion then?
I am using corporate standards so
will us corporate terms.
To me the Singapore government
top management has the desire to consume analytics and has the right
directions.
This has been translated into
efficiency and use of very basic analytics to make operations work well; operations
that are of large volume have been studied and made efficient; and are tracked
for improvement.
Some flagship analytical
projects, such as the tracetogether app have shown the isolated ability to
produce good analytics.
But the Covid19 response, the ELD
shows that middle management is not pulling in the same direction.
This is something that anyone
trying to “sell” analytics has come across. Beautiful picture from top
management, great at doing high volume repetitive stuff, but horrible at the
middle layer. The Singapore government is thus like a typical behemoth that is
trying to get into the digital age. The lack of clear competency in the middle
to senior management is responsible for the very public deficiencies.
So, to me, the Singapore is not
analytically mature; the use of data is restricted, there are huge pockets of
resistance within the organisation, and this can only change if the top management
weighs heavily on the middle blockers and people challenge the status quo
rather than just go along with what middle management says.
- https://coconuts.co/singapore/news/covid-19-heres-every-novel-coronavirus-infection-in-singapore-on-a-map/
- https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/blob/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series/time_series_covid19_confirmed_global.csv
- https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/ministers-rejoinder-to-no-flat-no-child-belief
- https://www.onlinecitizenasia.com/2020/04/24/netizens-unimpressed-with-josephine-teos-aggressive-and-defensive-response-to-questions-on-migrant-workers-dormitories/
- https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/manpower/nearly-half-of-large-dorms-breach-rules-each-year-minister
- https://mothership.sg/2020/04/chan-heng-chee-covid-19/
- http://thegatesofbabylon.blogspot.com/2020/07/covid-19-green-lanes-bubbles-singapore.html
- https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/coronavirus-dip-in-local-cases-a-good-sign-but-too-early-to-say-singapore-has
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uP28mlqgZYk
- https://www.onlinecitizenasia.com/2020/05/06/even-if-josephine-teo-doesnt-want-to-apologise-to-migrant-workers-she-should-apologise-to-singaporeans/
- https://www.mfa.gov.sg/Overseas-Mission/Pretoria/Mission-Updates/2020/04/PM-LEE-ON-THE-COVID-19-SITUATION-IN-SINGAPORE-21-APR-2020
- https://singaporelegaladvice.com/law-articles/singapore-fake-news-protection-online-falsehoods-manipulation/
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OcNeWz0Y7pU
the relevant piece is starts at 2minutes
- https://www.eld.gov.sg/pdf/GE2020/Guide_for_Polling_Agents_for_General_Election_2020.pdf
- https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/ge2020-covid-19-patients-quarantined-cannot-vote-special-voting-12889490
- https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/ge2020-eld-admits-mistake-after-officials-told-woman-she-couldnt-vote-polling-day
- https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/ge2020-covid-19-patients-quarantined-cannot-vote-special-voting-12889490
- https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/ge2020-101-singaporeans-overseas-unable-vote-ica-glitch-eld-12901284
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LwAchzbVLLY
- https://thekopi.co/2020/05/15/tracetogether-explainer/
- https://www.singstat.gov.sg/modules/infographics/singapore-international-trade
- https://stan.stb.gov.sg/public/sense/app/254dd6c2-eaf7-46c4-bf7a-39b5df6ff847/sheet/3101ecdd-af88-4d5d-be49-6c7f90277948/state/analysis
- https://www.ica.gov.sg/singapore-citizen/singapore-passport/apply-for-a-passport
